Photovoltaic panel components are a power generation device that generates direct current when exposed to sunlight, and consists of thin solid photovoltaic cells almost entirely made of semiconductor materials such as silicon.
Since there are no moving parts, it can be operated for a long time without causing any wear. Simple photovoltaic cells can power watches and computers, while more complex photovoltaic systems can provide lighting for houses and power grids. Photovoltaic panel assemblies can be made in different shapes, and the assemblies can be connected to generate more electricity. Photovoltaic panel components are used on rooftops and building surfaces, and are even used as part of windows, skylights or shading devices. These photovoltaic installations are often referred to as building-attached photovoltaic systems.
Solar cells:
Monocrystalline silicon solar cells
The photoelectric conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cells is about 15%, and the highest is 24%, which is the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of all types of solar cells at present, but the production cost is so high that it cannot be widely used and widely used. Commonly used. Since monocrystalline silicon is generally encapsulated by tempered glass and waterproof resin, it is strong and durable, and its service life is generally up to 15 years, up to 25 years.
Polycrystalline silicon solar cells
The production process of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is similar to that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is much lower. the world’s highest-efficiency polycrystalline silicon solar cells). In terms of production cost, it is cheaper than monocrystalline silicon solar cells, the material is simple to manufacture, power consumption is saved, and the total production cost is lower, so it has been greatly developed. In addition, the service life of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is also shorter than that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells. In terms of cost performance, monocrystalline silicon solar cells are slightly better.
Amorphous silicon solar cells
Amorphous silicon solar cell is a new type of thin-film solar cell that appeared in 1976. It is completely different from the production method of monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon solar cells. The process is greatly simplified, the consumption of silicon materials is very small, and the power consumption is lower. The advantage is that it can generate electricity even in low light conditions. However, the main problem of amorphous silicon solar cells is that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is low, the international advanced level is about 10%, and it is not stable enough. With the extension of time, its conversion efficiency declines.
Multi-compound solar cells
Multi-compound solar cells refer to solar cells that are not made of single-element semiconductor materials. There are many varieties of research in various countries, most of which have not been industrialized, mainly including the following: a) cadmium sulfide solar cells b) gallium arsenide solar cells c) copper indium selenide solar cells (a new multi-bandgap gradient Cu(In, Ga) Se2 thin film solar cells)
Features:
It has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and high reliability; advanced diffusion technology ensures the uniformity of conversion efficiency throughout the chip; ensures good electrical conductivity, reliable adhesion and good electrode solderability; high-precision wire mesh The printed graphics and high flatness make the battery easy to automatically weld and laser cut.
solar cell module
1. Laminate
2. Aluminum alloy protects the laminate and plays a certain role in sealing and supporting
3. Junction box It protects the entire power generation system and acts as a current transfer station. If the component is short-circuited, the junction box will automatically disconnect the short-circuit battery string to prevent the entire system from being burned out. The most critical thing in the junction box is the selection of diodes. Depending on the type of cells in the module, the corresponding diodes are also different.
4. Silicone sealing function, used to seal the junction between the component and the aluminum alloy frame, the component and the junction box. Some companies use double-sided adhesive tape and foam to replace the silica gel. Silicone is widely used in China. The process is simple, convenient, easy to operate, and cost-effective. very low.
laminate structure
1. Tempered glass: its function is to protect the main body of power generation (such as battery), the selection of light transmission is required, and the light transmission rate must be high (generally more than 91%); ultra-white tempered treatment.
2. EVA: It is used to bond and fix the tempered glass and the main body of power generation (such as batteries). The quality of the transparent EVA material directly affects the life of the module. The EVA exposed to the air is easy to age and turn yellow, thus affecting the light transmission of the module. In addition to the quality of EVA itself, the lamination process of module manufacturers is also very influential. For example, the viscosity of EVA adhesive is not up to standard, and the bonding strength of EVA to tempered glass and backplane is not enough, which will cause EVA to be premature. Aging affects component life.
3. Main body of power generation: The main function is to generate electricity. The mainstream of the main power generation market is crystalline silicon solar cells and thin film solar cells. Both have their own advantages and disadvantages. The cost of the chip is high, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is also high. It is more suitable for thin-film solar cells to generate electricity in outdoor sunlight. The relative equipment cost is high, but the consumption and battery cost are very low, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is more than half that of the crystalline silicon cell. But the low light effect is very good, and it can also generate electricity under ordinary light.
4. The material of the backplane, sealing, insulating and waterproof (usually TPT, TPE, etc.) must be resistant to aging. Most component manufacturers have a 25-year warranty. Tempered glass and aluminum alloy are generally fine. The key lies in the back. Whether the board and silica gel can meet the requirements. Edit the basic requirements of this paragraph 1. It can provide sufficient mechanical strength, so that the solar cell module can withstand the stress caused by the impact, vibration, etc. during transportation, installation and use, and can withstand the click force of hail; 2. It has good 3. It has good electrical insulation performance; 4. It has strong anti-ultraviolet ability; 5. The working voltage and output power are designed according to different requirements. Provide a variety of wiring methods to meet different voltage, current and power output requirements;
5. The efficiency loss caused by the combination of solar cells in series and parallel is small;
6. The connection of solar cells is reliable;
7. Long working life, requiring solar cell modules to be used for more than 20 years under natural conditions;
8. Under the conditions mentioned above, the packaging cost should be as low as possible.
Power calculation:
The solar AC power generation system is composed of solar panels, charge controllers, inverters and batteries; the solar DC power generation system does not include the inverter. In order to enable the solar power generation system to provide sufficient power for the load, it is necessary to reasonably select each component according to the power of the electrical appliance. Take 100W output power and use it for 6 hours a day as an example to introduce the calculation method:
1. First calculate the watt-hours consumed per day (including inverter losses):
If the conversion efficiency of the inverter is 90%, when the output power is 100W, the actual required output power should be 100W/90%=111W; if it is used for 5 hours a day, the power consumption is 111W*5 hours= 555Wh.
2. Calculate the solar panel:
According to the daily effective sunshine time of 6 hours, and considering the charging efficiency and the loss during the charging process, the output power of the solar panel should be 555Wh/6h/70%=130W. Among them, 70% is the actual power used by the solar panel during the charging process.
Post time: Nov-09-2022
